SARS Essay Example

SARS Essay The outbreak of SARS was first detected in 2003 in Hong Kong, Singapore, Toronto and Vietnam. The WHO described this disease as an atypical pneumonia (http://www.who.int/csr/sars/archive/2003_03_12/en/index.html).In the same year scientists identified the virus responsible for SARS (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrievedb=PubMedlist_uids=12711465dopt=AbstractPlus). The virus SARS-Co V was identified as the cause of this disease. In order to ensure patient management, tracing of contact and epidemiological study, a laboratory diagnosis to determine infection with the virus was required. Scientists succeeded in unraveling the complete genome code of the various strains of SARS – CoV. Serology examinations are required to confirm infection with this virus. These examinations help in determining the status of infection. Test for antibodies on viral lysate may give unreliable results as there exists a possibility that the virus lysate is produced due to the closely related other corona viruses that cause common cold. To overcome this problem, an isolation of whole virus dependent assays is required for the diagnosis of SARS – CoV infection. Further the Infected cell – dependent indirect immunofluorescence test for anti – SARS IgG antibody provides accurate results of infection with SARS – CoV. The immunofluorescence test is an excellent method for determining the reactivity of samples to screening assays (http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol10no3/03-0493.htm). In addition, the procedure of Enzyme Immunoassay or EIA constitutes an efficient method for determining SARS – CoV antibodies. The results of this test are unambiguous to a significantly greater extent, in diagnosing viral infection, in comparison to the results obtained from RT-PCR. In the early stages of infection, the antibodies do not render themselves to detection and at that juncture, the sero conversion from negative to positive or an abnormal increase in antibody titer from acute to convalescent serum specimens, would be of immense help in detecting the presence of antibodies. If a serology test results proves to be positive, then it can be construed that the patient has been infected with the SARS – CoV. Furthermore, most patients of SARS develop antibodies within eight to ten days of being infected by the virus. However, some patients do not develop antibodies even after twenty – eight days from the onset of illness. For such patients the test has to be done on serum specimens collected after twenty eight days of the illness. The extant methods for serological diagnosis of SARS – CoV infection are antibody identification in acute and convalescent – phased serum samples of the patient by immunofluorescence assay and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay or ELISA with the extracts of cell culture (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmedCmd=ShowDetailViewTermToSearch=12690092ordinalpos=1itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVAbstractPlus ). The results of the examinations of indirect immunofluorescence assay and ELISA with tissue culture are not standard in comparison with ELISA based antibody detections examinations with recombinant antigens. In addition to this, the production of infected lines for coating the ELISA plates and the slides used therein require cultivation of SARS – CoV. We will write a custom essay sample on SARS specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on SARS specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on SARS specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Some of the efficient techniques employed in serological testing are Enzyme Immunosorbent Assay or EIA and Immunofluorescence Assay or IFA. These techniques assist in determining the existence of anti – coronavirus antibodies. The possibility of a mixture of IgG and IgM antibodies being present in a SARS patient’s serum can be confirmed by using EIA techniques (http://www.cdc.gov/eid/content/13/10/pdfs/07-0576.pdf ). An uncomplicated, effective and non invasive test for detecting SARS was invented by microbiologists in Hong Kong (http://www.thd.org.tr/haber/goster.asp?HaberID=232). This test is a real time quantitative assay, which can be used usually within three to four hours of the commencement of the illness. In this test, the presence of coronavirus in the nasal swabs or throat cultures is tested in order to detect any antibody response in them (http://www.clinchem.org/cgi/data/49/4/DC1/1).

Frankenstein playing God Essays

Frankenstein playing God Essays Frankenstein playing God Paper Frankenstein playing God Paper Essay Topic: Frankenstein There are a number of reasons that support the opinion that the creature is a monster; his atrocious appearance unquestionably resembles that of an inhuman being, his fiendish murders are outrageous and disgraceful, and his genesis was simply an experiment of Frankensteins. However, as the reader continues through the novel they begin to realise that despite being cursed with a ghastly appearance, the creature has the personality of a human. He endures feelings of both utter compassion and uncontrollable fury. He can distinguish between good and evil. And his despicable acts can almost be excused as peoples iniquitous behaviour filled him with complete indignation as they failed to even share pleasantries with him. Therefore the creature is human in every way except for his grotesque appearance. In fact if the creature was privileged with a normal exterior then he would be no different from an infant entering the world; he has a thirst for knowledge, he desires a loved one, and he is dramatically influenced by his surroundings. Therefore, Mary Shelley creates the question: What possesses the creature to behave in such a despicable way? I believe the answer is the abysmal way in which humans behave towards him. If people didnt behave in such a hostile manner then there is no question in my mind that the creature would have behaved no differently to a typical human being. Throughout the novel the creature is consistently burdened by his hideous appearance. : At the creatures creation Frankenstein describes his exterior in detail: His yellow skin scarcely covered the work of muscles and arteries beneath; his hair was of a lustrous black, and flowing; his teeth of a pearly whiteness; but these luxuriances only formed a more horrid contrast with his watery eyes, that seemed almost of the same colour as the dun white sockets in which they were set, his shrivelled complexion and straight black lips. This clearly describes an abhorrent and monstrous exterior where even the few human qualities detract from his overall appearance. The muscles and arteries protruding through the yellow skin, the peculiar eyes and sockets, and the repulsive lips create a disturbing imagine, however its the human qualities of the white teeth and lustrous black hair that make his appearance sound so sickening, as if qualities that a human desire simply worsen his overall exterior then he must be the most inexcusably grotesque creature ever created. However, the above quote is not the only description we have of the creatures appearance. We learn how frightfully hideous the creature really is when he first views his reflection. At first I started back, unable to believe that it was indeed I who was reflected in the mirror; and when I became fully convinced that I was in reality the monster that I am, I was filled with the bitterest sensations of despondence and mortification. The creature is not upset or saddened by his appearance but mortified. He is so revolting that his reflection caused him to start back in fright. However as the creature detests his appearance this quote can be used as evidence supporting the point that he is a human, as all humans desire a more attractive exterior. Appearance is meaningless to a monster, as it does not long for a companion, whereas a human does. Therefore I believe this quote supports the point that he is a human. The best passage, however, in the novel to describe how foul the creature really looks is when the cottagers observe him; Who can describe their horror and consternation on beholding me? Agatha fainted; and Safie, unable to attend to her friend, rushed out of the cottage. This quotation illustrates how nauseating the creature is as he immediately alarms anyone who glimpses at him. This explains that he is not just ugly or unattractive but so alien that people cannot even sustain consciousness when they come into contact with him. This is a definitely a reason supporting the idea that the creature is a monster. However, although his exterior is monstrous, that does not make him a monster. We learn that the creature has the capability to distinguish between right and wrong; I did not strive to control myself. This illustrates that the creature has the ability to control his emotions which is a trait that a monster lacks. The language the creature used portrays a character showing remorse, as he does not use the casual word; didnt he used the words; did not. If he had said this in a casual way it would insinuate that the creature shows no remorse and thinks of the disgraceful act as a usual occurrence. However, as he spoke in a formal and powerful manner, he shows regret and remorse. In the creatures narrative we learn that the creature desires more than just the raw animal needs of warmth, food and water. Instead, he behaves similar to an infant learning about his surroundings. The creature describes the difficulty of walking, eating and speaking. He describes his thoughts when he comes into contact with fire; In my joy I thrust my hand into the live embers, but quickly drew it out again with a cry of pain. How strange, I thought, that the same cause should produce such opposite effects! This is vital evidence that the creature is human as he is not angered by the pain as a monster would, but is simply curious; How strange. Not only is the creature curious about his surroundings, but he gains a thirst for knowledge. He has a clear interest in the world. He wants to know why the cottagers are both content and miserable at times. He wants to know where hes placed on the social hierarchy. He wants to discover the history of earth. Therefore when the book Ruins of Empire came into his possession he studied it fervently, which excited a mixture of feelings. This is definitive evidence that the creatures personality is human, as not only does he have a keen interest in knowledge but the tales animated feelings of both compassion and fury as he empathized with the characters. A monster is selfish. It cannot understand feelings of compassion as it cannot empathize. It lives to eat, drink and sleep and has no other interests. The creature has acquired a passionate interest in knowledge and is capable of feelings of compassion. Therefore, despite having the appearance of a monster, he has the personality of a human being. The creatures narrative of himself is a complete contrast to Frankensteins narrative of the creature. Frankenstein tells the story of a vile monster thoughtlessly killing innocent people.

Advertising Campaign Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Advertising Campaign - Case Study Example The university has been promoting its undergraduate marketing degree in Hong Kong. It needs to further promote it as the university has not yielded expected returns. The promotion should highlight the key benefit or unique selling proposition (usp) of UniSA that should immediately appeal to the target audience. That is to say it should tell the audience how the University of South Australia is different from its competitors. A perceptual mapping will prove beneficial in this regard to chart the target audiences' perception of UniSA compared with that of Harvard school of business. "Before you embark on an image advertising campaign, you need to know the type of image you wish to convey. A key component of your decision should be an understanding of your current image and your competitors' images. This knowledge can be gained through image research and perceptual mapping." (Perceptual mapping_deciding what image to project)Both the universities are doing well on the tradition attribut e. So there does not seem to be any scope for promotion based on these attributes. As far as fame and reputation is concerned they are the lowest attributes in importance. So there should not be any concern regarding promotion based on these attributes. Now the real opportunity lies in the three most important attributes, that is, professional, casual and modern and employment opportunity.

Presentation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Presentation - Essay Example This, as a result, set path for new ideas about seeking to learn a more universally acceptable language, and my passion for learning English was born. It is widely known that English is the most spoken language in the world today, with a large number of countries worldwide using it as their official language. It is also one of the most used media of communication especially in books, music and films to date. These are some of the notable reasons that made it very easy for me to settle with English as my choice of language that I had to learn. The journey to learn English, just like any other new thing, was not easy. For one, this was a time-consuming and equally challenging task especially considering the vast differences in the structure and elements between my native Arabic language and those in English. The virtual lack of a clear correlation between the two meant that I had to place more effort so that I could excel in understanding the new language. I am glad that today I can stand and address people in English, which could only sound like a fantasy to me sometimes back. Today, I want particularly to revisit one of the most interesting and indeed important part of my English learning journey; my first English presentation in school. As a brief description of my background, I joined an English language learning school in the USA where I believed would provide the best environment for learning the language. It is said that if one is to learn a language quickly, then surrounding yourself with the language is the single most efficient method of learning i.e. spending time with people speaking the language, listening to music and watching movies written in the language among others. USA perfectly provided all of these characteristics. The course outline in the language class consisted of presentations sessions where students were put to task in an attempt to

War is a force that gives us meaning Essay Example for Free

War is a force that gives us meaning Essay War, when we confront it truthfully, exposes the darkness within all of us. This darkness shatters the illusions many of us hold not only about the human race but also about ourselves. Few of us confront our own capacity for evil, but this is especially true in wartime. And even those who engage in combat are afterward given cups from the River Lethe to forget. And with each swallow they imbibe the myth of war. For the myth makes war palatable. It gives war a logic and sanctity it does not possess. It saves us from peering into the darkest recesses of our own hearts. And this is why we like it. It is why we clamor for myth. The myth is enjoyable, and the press, as is true in every nation that goes to war, is only too happy to oblige. They dish it up and we ask for more. War as myth begins with blind patriotism, which is always thinly veiled self-glorification. We exalt ourselves, our goodness, our decency, our humanity, and in that self-exaltation we denigrate the other. The flip side of nationalism is racismlook at the jokes we tell about the French. It feels great. War as myth allows us to suspend judgment and personal morality for the contagion of the crowd. War means we do not face death alone. We face it as a group. And death is easier to bear because of this. We jettison all the moral precepts we have about the murder of innocent civilians, including children, and dismiss atrocities of war as the regrettable cost of battle. As I write this article, hundreds of thousands of innocent people, including children and the elderly, are trapped inside the city of Basra in southern Iraqa city I know wellwithout clean drinking water. Many will die. But we seem, because we imbibe the myth of war, unconcerned with the suffering of others. Yet, at the same time, we hold up our own victims. These crowds of silent deadour soldiers who made the supreme sacrifice and our innocents who were killed in the crimes against humanity that took place on 9/11are trotted out to sanctify the cause and our employment of indiscriminate violence. To question the cause is to defile the dead. Our dead counts. Their dead does not. We endow our victims, like our cause, with righteousness. And this righteousness gives us the moral justification to commit murder. It is an old story. In wartime we feel a comradeship that, for many of us, makes us feel that for the first time we belong to the nation and the group. We are fooled into thinking that in wartime social inequalities have been obliterated. We are fooled into feeling that, because of the threat, we care about others and others care about us in new and powerful waves of emotion. We are giddy. We mistake this for friendship. It is not. Comradeship, the kind that comes to us in wartime, is about the suppression of self-awareness, self-possession. All is laid at the feet of the god of war. And the cost of this comradeship, certainly for soldiers, is self-sacrifice, self-annihilation. In wartime we become necrophiliacs. As it happens, Ive just finished reading Mr. Hedges memoir, â€Å"War is a Force that Gives us Meaning†, and its very much of a piece with this, which is to say heartfelt, but overstated, particularly as regards his own country. Mr. Hedges spent fifteen years as a foreign correspondent, covering every war and genocide you can name, and many that few of us can. As just a reminder of these conflicts and of the victims thereof, it is worth reading. However, when he tries to draw broader conclusions he, perhaps understandably, overreacts. The truths that he speaks of above are not the only truths that war exposes, nor are they necessarily the primary truths. Its a truism that war is terrible, but it is just not the case, as even he ultimately must concede, that it is the most terrible thing. It would be dishonest to argue that myth is not an important part of patriotism and the will to war, but consider how much here is not myth. The deads of 9-11 were in fact innocent victims. They went to work one fine morning in September and because of that they were murdered. No amount of scab-picking about past American policy in the Middle East can ever make it so that they deserved to die, can it? Likewise, those who perpetrated that heinous act, al Qaeda, and those who aided them, the Taliban, can not escape moral culpability, no matter what their grievances against the United States. It is an objective truth that at least these victims of ours were innocent and at least those enemies are not. A somewhat better case can be made that the people of Iraq are innocent victims. However, they were victims of Saddam before we liberated themMr. Hedges might wince at the boastfulness of a term like liberation, but there is no reason for us toand their lives are immeasurably better today for our having acted. Who cares more for the people of Basra, those content to stand idly by while Saddam oppressed them or those whove returned their freedom to them? Moreover, far from ignoring the suffering of potential innocents in this war, we took every reasonable (and some perhaps unreasonable) precaution to avoid civilian casualties. If the myths of which Mr. Hedges speaks were wholly true, it would have been simplicity itself to slaughter Iraqis indiscriminately, even to exterminate the population, yet this we did not do. Here is the inescapable problem for Mr. Hedges: give a Hitler, a Stalin, a Milosevic, a bin Laden, a whomever, nuclear weapons and there can be little doubt theyd use them to kill their enemies. Yet we have them and we do not use them (except the twice, sixty years ago). If we had truly become necrophiliacs, as are our foes so often become, why would we not kill to out utmost capacity to do so? The attacks on the World Trade Center illustrate that those who oppose us, rather than coming from another moral universe, have been schooled well in modern warfare. The dramatic explosions, the fireballs, the victims plummeting to their deaths, the collapse of the towers in Manhattan, were straight out of Hollywood. Where else, but from the industrialized world, did the suicide hijackers learn that huge explosions and death above a city skyline are a peculiar and effective form of communication? They have mastered the language. They understand that the use of disproportionate violence against innocents is a way to make a statement. We leave the same calling cards. Corpses in wartime often deliver messages. The death squads in El Salvador dumped three bodies in the parking lot of the Camino Real Hotel in San Salvador, where the journalists were based, and early one morning. Death threats against us were stuffed in the mouths of the bodies. And, on a larger scale, Washington uses murder and corpses to transmit its wrath. We delivered such incendiary messages in Vietnam, Iraq, Serbia, and Afghanistan. Osama bin Laden has learned to speak the language of modern industrial warfare. Organized killing is done best by a disciplined, professional army. But war also empowers those with a predilection for murder. Petty gangsters, reviled in pre-war Sarajevo, were transformed overnight at the start of the conflict into war heroes. What they did was no different. They still pillaged, looted, tortured, raped, and killed; only then they did it to Serbs, and with an ideological veneer. Slobodan Milosevic went one further. He opened up the countrys prisons and armed his criminal class to fight in Bosnia. Once we sign on for wars crusade, once we see ourselves on the side of the angels, once we embrace a theological or ideological belief system that defines itself as the embodiment of goodness and light, it is only a matter of how we will carry out murder. The eruption of conflict instantly reduces the headache and trivia of daily life. The communal march against an enemy generates a warm, unfamiliar bond with our neighbors, our community, and our nation, wiping out unsettling undercurrents of alienation and dislocation. War, in times of malaise and desperation, is a potent distraction. George Orwell in 1984 wrote of the necessity of constant wars against the Other to forge a false unity among the proles: War had been literally continuous, though strictly speaking it had not always been the same war. The enemy of the moment always represented absolute evil. Patriotism, often a thinly veiled form of collective self-worship, celebrates our goodness, our ideals, our mercy and bemoans the perfidiousness of those who hate us. War makes the world understandable, a black and white tableau of them and us. It suspends thought, especially self-critical thought. All bow before the supreme effort. We are one. Most of us willingly accept war as long as we can fold it into a belief system that paints the ensuing suffering as necessary for a higher good, for human beings seek not only happiness but also meaning. And tragically war is sometimes the most powerful way in human society to achieve meaning. This is positively bizarre. One might imagine us to have been at war with the Arab world throughout the 90s, and Osama bin Laden to just be responding to our constant attacks. In fact, the truth, as the analysts tell us is the opposite. It was precisely because America was so reticent to respond to terror in any systematic way, so loathe leaving behind the roaring 90s and go to war, that al Qaeda became emboldened. In Mr. Hedge’s account we woke up one day, found our lives lacked meaning, and marched to war with an Islam we suddenly decided to portray as evil. In reality, we woke one day to find the World Trade Center and Pentagon in flames, decided that our lives had a meaning worth defending after all, and set out not to fight all Islam but those who have distorted it into something hateful. When in human history has a leader gone further out of his waymany would argue too farto limit just who the enemy is, to limit the material destruction and civilian deaths, to get aid to the newly liberated peoples, etc. Whenever else have military bombed countries with food and humanitarian supplies? No, to accept Mr. Hedges implicit argument that there is no difference between us and al Qaeda or between Saddam Hussein and George W. Bush is to abandon even the idea of morality. It is too deny that morality exists. Mr. Hedges himself acknowledges this, if not directly, when he disavows pacifism: The poison that is war does not free us from the ethics of responsibility. There are times when we must take this poisonjust as a person with cancer accepts chemotherapy to live. We cannot succumb to despair. Force is and I suspect always will be part of the human condition. There are times when the force wielded by one immoral faction must be countered by a faction that, while never moral, is perhaps less immoral. This is sheer nonsense. A doctor administers poison to the chemotherapy patienthas he not behaved morally? A bystander or a policeman uses force to stop a rapehave they not acted morally just because they used force, which, as Mr. Hedges says, will always be part of the human condition? One nation intervenes with force to stop genocide or a megalomaniac dictatorin what sense is this not a moral act? He closes the chapter by saying: This is not a call for inaction. It is a call for repentance. So we should not stand by and watch as one people slaughter another, but if we use force to stop it we must repent that use of force? What kind of morality is it that holds you guilty if you act and if you dont? The answer is not a serious one. This is mere self-flagellation and pious posturing. Mr. Hedges provides us with a harrowing glimpse of modern war and a salutary warning about how the enthusiasms of war affect all us, but he goes way too far and lapses into absurdity when he demands that we treat all uses of force as immoral

Tim OBriens Zeugmatic Novel, The Things They Carried :: Things They Carried Essays

Tim O'Brien's Zeugmatic Novel, The Things They Carried An early example of zeugma comes from Quintilian, the ancient Roman rhetorician, who cites the following from Cicero: "Lust conquered shame, boldness fear, madness reason," where the verb "conquered" is understood to also govern the final two phrases in the sentence (Crowley 203). The 18th century, an age of great rhetorical knowledge on the part of writers and preachers (and at least one writer-preacher, Laurence Sterne), is the heyday of zeugma. In "The Rape of the Lock" Alexander Pope speculates what may happen to Bellinda on a particularly ominous day: Whether the Nymph shall break Diana's Law, Or some frail China Jar receive a Flaw, Or stain her Honour, or her new Brocade, Forget her Pray'rs, or miss a Masquerade, Or lose her Heart, or Necklace, at a Ball.... (Butt 225) Pope does a beautiful job of contrasting the serious and the superficial in these five lines-will her chastity or her jar become flawed, will she forget her prayers or the masquerade? My paraphrases here fill out an implied zeugma in these lines, but it is in the third and fifth lines where he actually employs zeugma: will she "stain her Honour, or her new Brocade"? Will she "lose her Heart, or Necklace, at a ball"? In these "stain" and "lose" branch out to include (or to be more etymologically correct) YOKE quite different things: lace and a necklace being a bit more easily replaced than a stained honor and a lost heart, as those of you who have been in love may perhaps attest to. Richard Lanham, in a Handlist of Rhetorical Terms, defines zeugma as follows and again cites an example in Pope: "One verb governs several congruent words or clauses, each in a different way, as in 'The Rape of the Lock': Here thou, great Anna! whom three realms obey Dost sometimes counsel take-and sometimes tea." (Lanham 104-5)

Government Punjab Public Library Essay

Government Punjab Public Library Lahore lies in the heart of the city of Lahore at the Library Road near Lahore Museum. Thelibrary is centrally situated in this way and has a pleasant atmosphere for a calm and peaceful study. The library holds an exceptional rare collection of books in English, Urdu, Persian, Arabic and Punjabi. The total collection is about 500,000 books now, comprising of massive numbers of magazines and newspapers, reports, also the old gazettes of Punjab, Pakistan and undivided India and more than 1,500 manuscripts. Government Punjab Public Library was formed by Sir Charles Aitcheson in1886. It started off with an old monument-type building where they had only 70 books. Gradually donations of books and documents were made and the library system managed to build up strongly. It? s main purpose was to build a public library and a reading room. The other Blocks were built in 1924, 1939 and 1992. Introduction: Government Punjab Public Library is facing some major problems from quite some time. These problems include mostly theft and it is discovered after the theft, waiting in long queues before issuing the book, discovering, after waiting for long, that the desired book is unavailable, tast is done manually. There is no system to keep a proper check on the books in stock and also on the visitor. The need to introduce an automated system as a solution to the problems faced by the members of the Government Punjab Public Library bought me to RFID system. By introducing RFID system, which happens to be a combination of a computer chip and a small radio antenna that allows object to self-identify, we intend to solve all the above mentioned problems. This is a unique system of its kind that not only is the fastest, easiest and most effective way to track, locate and manage library material but also pledge security and safety. A number of deficiencies have been experienced in the current system of the library since the work is done manually which happens to be a big problem. Hence it seems to be the need of the hour to provide The Government Punjab Public Library with an automated system which is going to make lives, of all those who really want to bring some change by devoting most of their times in gaining knowledge, a lot easier. RFID system would help in making an effective flow of book circulation. Also, it helps in tracking the book in minutes instead of hours and the unique ID of the RFID tag prevents counterfeiting. Through market research ie; through the interviews that I conducted from the members and librarian on my visit to the library, I have concluded that 87% people are in a desperate need for a better system. According to these people, if an automated system is introduced not only members but non-members would also purchase or issue books which would end up increasing their market share. Apparently the conditions of Government Punjab Public Library demand an automated system that not only keeps a check on the stock but also helps the librarian in looking for one and also deals with security concerns. Therefore I believe that RFID system happens to be the best suited solution for a problem like this because this society is capable of producing really good writers, scholars, poets, students and a platform like an automated Library system can be a gateway to success for such people. I determinedly believe that by pursuing this possibility and by implementing, controlling and maintaining a system like this, we will be able to satisfy a large number of people who are the only hope to bring a change about a change in Pakistan. Discussion Apparently Government Punjab Public Library is undergoing some problems. These problems lead to low members follow–up and is the reason why there is a need for a better system. For starters, currently members complaint of experiencing long queues which frustrates them and they don’t want to return back. The frustration is further caused when after waiting for several minutes it is discovered that the book isn’t available in the library. And in case the book is available, the member has to wait for long since the manual entry of book issuing takes long. Disappointment follows when members receive unfriendly staff. Moreover constant cases of theft have been witnessed by the librarian. Members often hide the books in their bags and leave without issuing. This not only causes stock mismanagement but also results in disappointment. To solve these problems, installing an RFID system, is important. The purpose of installing RFID system in the library system is to change the current manual and hectic structure. This would not only help in eliminating theft but will also reduce time consumption and level of disappointment that is caused when discovered that the desired book/s is/are unavailable. Hence, getting an effective and automated Library Management System is essential. The reason why I chose RFID system is because it is the fastest, easiest and most efficient way to track, locate & manage library materials. Not only that, through RFID system automatic check-in and check-out can be practiced. While interviewing the librarians at the library I, time and again, heard them complaining about the mismanagement of the stock and also that it takes long in locating a book. Through RFID system Library inventory tracking can be done in minutes instead of hours because it is basically a wireless system for automatic identifications and tracking by using radio frequency electromagnetic fields, by transferring the data from a tag attached to a product, which in this case are the books. One of the problems that the librarian highlighted and laid great stress on addressing that problem was the stealing of books. According to the librarian, this is one of the biggest issues the management of library is dealing with but with the help of RFID system, they can easily address to a situation like this. With the help of walk through gates, which is one of the components of RFID system, stealer can be easily located. This is possible because every book will have its own RFID tag like every member will have theirs. And if someone tries to take the book without issuing, that person can easily be traced with the help of walk through gates which will start to beam as soon as some is illegally exiting. This brings me to the point of discussing some of the benefits that can be driven from introducing RFID system. For starters, with the walk through gates and tags, no thefts will be claimed hence, a secure library management system will be exercised. Moreover the schedule of the staff will become flexible. This is because the routine would not be as hectic as before. Also if two persons were dealing with a task earlier, now only one can easily handle it. Furthermore, trained workforce would walk in. There is another business benefit that will be gathered in the form of customer satisfaction. Obviously, when the customers would not have to wait for their turn, standing in a long queue, they would be much happier and content. Conclusion: Keeping in mind the benefits it can easily be concluded that this system will be a big success once installed. It won’t be a wise move to deny the fact that it is going to be a big investment but analyzing the benefits which are significant and undeniable, the cost would be a secondary thing to worry about. Currently the books are mishandled and misplaced by the incessant handling processes of the staff members. There is too much hassle in material handling. Now this issue would be resolved due to the self-digitalized service by the members and the staff as well and as a result the inventory would be properly preserved. With the RFID, the Punjab Public Library management system would be revolutionized and the overall performance would catch pace and tasks would be done quickly and on time. References: 1. Personally visited the Government Punjab Publiv library 2. http://www. rfid-library. com/en/default_e. html 3. http://gppl. org. pk/ 4. http://www. logisticsit. com/articles/2007/03/22/2679-the-benefits-of-rfid 5. http://www. jesic-tech. com/RFID_iLib. html 6. http://www. rfid-library. com/en/system-four-phases. html.